Pode a mulher hétero sofrer? A relação entre a tragédia da heterossexualidade, o paradoxo da misoginia e o heteropessimismo feminino são a chave de análise para obras audiovisuais da cultura pop contemporânea. Este trabalho propõe refletir sobre como o heteropessimismo não necessariamente produz uma solução para a crise da heterossexualidade, mas aponta seus pontos conflituosos e ensaia alternativas de existências dissidentes, fora da heterossexualidade. Para tal, serão desenvolvidas noções de heteropessimismo ou heterofatalismo, heteronormatividade, performances da masculinidade e da feminilidade, a (...) partir de um recorte dos Estudos Críticos da Heterossexualidade. Para pensar esses elementos, será analisada a série britânica Fleabag tanto em seus modos de endereçamento, como também na recepção dela, tornando-se uma das principais referências contemporâneas na cultura pop da tragédia feminina nas relações afetivo-sexuais. (shrink)

Petit philosophy is an experimental project, conducted in the private elementary school Nova in Zadar, Croatia, aimed at introducing philosophy to children in the 3rd, 4th and 5th grades. In this program we make use of children’s stories and games, but the program itself does not differ essentially from other philosophy programs for children in so far as it makes use of discussions, questions, arguments and counterarguments. This article offers the complete syllabus of our program for one school year, (...) together with an example of a preparation for one specific school hour. (shrink)

The objective of the research was to explain the environmental impact in a district of Lima as a consequence of the cement production carried out by the factory in a traditional way. The study was conducted under the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach, descriptive level, basic type and phenomenological design. The informants were a diverse group to obtain responses: eight people, including municipal employees and specialists, managers and residents. A semi-structured interview guide was used as an instrument and the (...) in-depth interview technique was applied. The criteria of scientific rigor were met transferability, credibility, dependability and auditability. The textual responses were processed with Atlas.ti, coding and interpretation were carried out using the inductive method. The results report that the factory produces cement in a traditional rustic way and emits highly harmful clinker, gases and cement dust that is spread in the air, water and soil of the district. It has been concluded that the toxic substances have a significant negative impact on the environment, polluting the air, soil and water. As a consequence of pollution, people's health has been affected, developing diseases such as skin and lung disorders. (shrink)

Decae la subjetividad, se ha afirmado, pero, en tanto este en entredicho, es tambien tiempo de esta. Hablar de tiempo de subjetividad, como se propone aqui, es situarse en un territorio entrecruzado por muchos senderos. Desde el lugar escogido, lo que se divisa es una filigrana de rutas, una trama de caminos por recorrer, que pronto abandona su inicial apariencia de abanico de opciones entre las que escoger, para mostrar su autentica condicion de red teorica o atmosfera intelectual en cuyo (...) interior se encuentra atrapado el hombre contemporaneo. A lo largo del texto, esta percepcion mutara en convencimiento, modesto pero firme. El convencimiento de que, mas alla de criticas y dificultades, la categoria de subjetividad representa, como reza el titulo de la tercera parte, una dificultad necesaria, un ambito teorico fecundo a la hora de intentar arrojar algun tipo de luz sobre lo que nos ocurre. El origen del presente volumen se encuentra en los trabajos de investigacion que una parte de los colaboradores del mismo Antonio Aguilera, Fina Birules, Roman G. Cuartango, Santiago Lopez Petit y el compilador, Manuel Cruz viene desarrollando en el Departamento de Historia de la Filosofia de la Universidad de Barcelona. Ademas, Carlos Moya, Jose Luis Pardo, Nicolas Sanchez Dura, Antonio Valdecantos, Gerard Vilar y Antoni Vicens. (shrink)

El antropocentrismo determina nuestra percepción sobre el mundo y nuestra relación con él, teniendo un efecto material en tanto que impregna nuestros discursos, pensamiento, sensibilidades y prácticas. Este artículo trata de explorar cómo una reformulación ontológica que busque salir de los presupuestos antropocéntricos puede suponer un cambio material efectivo en nuestra percepción, generando cambios en nuestras sensibilidades y disponibilidades. Comprender los límites ontológicos desde el dinamismo y como zona de contacto nos permite acceder o materializar otro tipo de realidades aún (...) por conocer. Poniendo en juego algunas ideas de Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, Karen Barad y Alfred Whitehead se busca un desarrollo conceptual y una reformulación ontológica como un intento de comprendernos en un mundo más-que-humano. (shrink)

Au cours des quatre derniers siècles, les projets de pacification permanente de l’Europe, ou du monde entier, ont constitué un véritable genre littéraire. À un premier niveau, le plus superficiel, le livre offre une vue panoramique de ces projets, depuis le « Grand Dessein » attribué à Henri IV jusqu’à la Charte de l’ONU, en passant par les propositions de William Penn, de l’abbé de Saint-Pierre, d’Emmanuel Kant, du comte de Saint-Simon et de tant d’autres, célèbres, moins connus ou oubliés. (...) De règle, ces auteurs sont qualifiés, non sans condescendance, d’utopistes : à un deuxième niveau, le livre est une critique de cet usage paresseux, et les traite comme membres de la famille des réformateurs radicaux. Ayant dressé, chacun à son époque, un réquisitoire sans indulgence contre l’état existant des rapports entre les nations, ils en proposent une réorganisation profonde. Ennemis de l’ordre international établi - un désordre intolérable à leurs yeux -, ils se font les architectes d’un monde nouveau, le meilleur des mondes possibles, dont ils précisent le mode de construction. Si différents soient-ils, leurs écrits se prêtent à être classifiés en un petit nombre de catégories : à un troisième niveau, le livre est un essai typologique. Il suggère une conceptualisation du « système international parfait » qui comporte cinq grands modèles et permet donc de répartir l’ensemble des auteurs passés en revue dans cinq traditions intellectuelles, dont la plus récente est longue de deux siècles et la plus ancienne de sept. (shrink)

Udruga Mala filozofija kreirala je i provela projekt »Tko se boji korupcije još?!« u dvanaest škola i dvije knjižnice, s ukupno 122 učenika u školskoj godini 2010./2011. Projekt se sastojao od pet radionica u kojima se s učenicima raspravljalo o korupciji. Cilj je bio prvenstveno razjašnjenje pojma korupcije, ali i ukazivanje na razne načine na koje korupcija uništava neke temeljne vrijednosti poput dostojanstva, ljubavi, prijateljstva, obitelji i društva. Članak donosi evaluacijske rezultate u kojima se pokazuje koliko su učenici 3. i (...) 4. razreda osnovne škole razumjeli pojam korupcije te koliko su promijenili svoje stavove tijekom provođenja projekta.Society Petit Philosophy has created and implemented a project “Who’s Afraid of Corruption?!” in twelve elementary schools and two libraries, with a total of 122 students in the school year 2010/2011. The project consists of five workshops in which students primarily clarified the concept of corruption, but also the ways in which corruption is destroying the society, dignity, love, friendship, and family. Article presents the results of the evaluation, which show how 3rd and 4th graders understood the concept of corruption, and how they changed their views about corruption in the course of the project. (shrink)

Le constat d’une justice civile encombrée, associé à la volonté politique de moderniser la justice, donne aujourd’hui un nouvel élan à la médiation. Cette volonté d’encourager le justiciable à régler ses litiges à l’ombre du juge n’est pourtant pas nouvelle. Ce qui l’est en revanche, c’est son caractère obligatoire pour les litiges qualifiés de « petits » mais aussi sa mise en œuvre par des plateformes en ligne. Dans ce contexte, l’analyse économique de la médiation permet d’apporter un éclairage original, (...) parfois surprenant, à la fois sur l’apport du médiateur dans la négociation (en termes de correction des biais cognitifs, de tempérance, de transmission d’information, de partialité) et sur la pertinence pour un Etat d’encourager ce mode de résolution alternatif des litiges (capacité à pouvoir refuser, coût effectif, timing optimal, contraindre ou encourager). Les quelques statistiques disponibles confortent l’efficacité de ce dispositif, tant en termes de taux de résolution amiable que d’économie de coûts réalisée. (shrink)

Le premier tractatus du commentaire d'Albert le Grand à l'Isagoge de Porphyre consiste en une manière de proème ou d'introduction à l'ensemble de la logique. Comme la plupart des textes d'Albert le Grand, ce traité est d'une très grande richesse, qu'atténuent toutefois son manque d'ordre et son obscurité d'expression. Étant donné que les aspects fondamentaux de la logique y sont touchés—son statut scientifique et philosophique, son utilité, son sujet, sa division, sa relation aux sciences du langage, etc.—, ce petit (...) ouvrage est du plus haut intérêt pour quiconque cherche à mieux comprendre la logique et la philosophie de la logique du XIIIe siècle. L'auteur présente ici une traduction annotée et expliquée de ce texte difficile, faite d'après la version provisoire de la nouvelle édition de Cologne. Le relevé des sources principales de l'ouvrage révèle, sur un fond aristotélicien permanent, une forte influence des traités logiques arabes nouvellement arrivés en Occident. Pour des exemples de ces auteurs contemporains, voir Lafleur ( 1988, p. 182, l.37–44, p. 321, l.284–294). The first tractatus of Albert the Great's commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge consists of a kind of proem or introduction to the whole of logic. As most of Albert the Great's texts, this tract is of great richness, though it lacks order and is sometimes obscure. Since the fundamental themes of logic are addressed therein—its scientific and philosophical status, its utility, its subject, its division, its relation to the linguistic arts, etc.—, this small work is of high interest for anyone trying to better understand thirteenth-century logic and philosophy of logic. The author presents a translation of this difficult text, made after a preliminary version of the new critical edition and enriched with an introduction and explanatory notes. The survey of the main sources of the tract reveals, apart from a permanent artistotelian background, the strong influence of the Arabic logical treatises which were then coming in the Western world. (shrink)

Tout : vague et imposant petit mot. Présent à tout bout de champ, dans tant d'expressions, de toute éternité et en toute modestie. Ce mot-là, ce n'est pas rien. Les articles qui suivent explorent les rapports de tout et de rien, et les valeurs que prend le tout à différentes époques : comment il est représenté – personnifié? – et comment il est présupposé dans la démarche même d'écriture. Car l'ambition de la littérature est peut-être bien de dire tout (...) : dire la totalité du monde, d'une société, d'une époque, dire le rapport – forcément spirituel? – au tout qui ne se laisse saisir, tout dire de soi, ou encore utiliser tous les mots du dictionnaire. Quelle que soit la forme ou le genre emprunté, de façon totalisante ou fragmentaire, l'œuvre littéraire se donne comme un tout en relation avec le tout. [Source : 4e de couv.]. (shrink)

Les relations entre les travaux de Latour et la sémiotique de Greimas ont été explicites depuis les années 1970. Le présent article est consacré à la manière dont Latour reprend et fait évoluer la théorie sémiotique de l’énonciation, depuis « A Relativistic Account of Einstein’s Relativity » et « Petite philosophie de l’énonciation » jusqu’à l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence, où il utilise la théorie de l’énonciation pour fonder sa théorie des modes d’existence. Sera ainsi retracée l’évolution de la théorie (...) de l’énonciation, tant chez Latour qu’en sémiotique. Nous montrerons que dans les deux cas, on peut décrire cette évolution comme un mouvement de l’énonciation énoncée vers l’énonciation pratique.Since the late 1970s, Latour’s work has had close ties with Greimas’ semiotics. This article is devoted to Latour's further consideration and development of the semiotic theory of enunciation, beginning with « A Relativistic Account of Einstein’s Relativity » and « Petite philosophie de l’énonciation » all the way up to the Inquiry Into Modes of Existence, where he uses the theory of enunciation to establish his theory of modes of existence. The evolution of the theory of enunciation is charted through both Latour’s work and semiotic theory. We argue that in both cases this evolution can be described as a movement from uttered enunciation to practical enunciation. (shrink)

Résumé Il est courant d’inscrire Leibniz dans une lignée qui, passant par Nicolas de Cues et Giordano Bruno, aurait marqué le triomphe de l’infini actuel dans la pensée moderne, qu’elle soit scientifique ou métaphysique. Pourtant Leibniz n’acceptait nullement un tel infini en mathématiques et s’en est expliqué à diverses reprises de manière particulièrement claire. Dans cet article, je voudrais rappeler cette position élaborée dès le début du séjour parisien (Accessio ad Arithmeticam infinitorum, fin 1672) et montrer son effectivité dans (...) l’élaboration du « fictionalisme » leibnizien en ce qui concerne les infiniment petits. Rappelant les différentes stratégies de comparaison entre les pensées de Leibniz et Nicolas de Cues, je voudrais indiquer la manière dont des textes récemment édités permettent aujourd’hui une meilleure appréciation de l’écart qui peut les séparer. (shrink)

In a series of papers Ladyman and Presnell raise an interesting challenge of providing a pre-mathematical justification for homotopy type theory. In response, they propose what they claim to be an informal semantics for homotopy type theory where types and terms are regarded as mathematical concepts. The aim of this paper is to raise some issues which need to be resolved for the successful development of their types-as-concepts interpretation.

Latour in this essay criticizes and abandons the approach to science studies—in which the object of study is presumed to be inert and passively circulating amid networks of practices, institutions, authorities, and historical events — that he took in “The ‘Pédofil’ of Boa Vista,” an article published in the spring 1995 issue of Common Knowledge. Here he argues that Whitehead’s neglected text Process and Reality offers the possibility of a radical historical realism that puts the scientific object and the scientist’s (...) laboratory on the same footing. His case study is of the Lille laboratory where, in 1858, Pasteur identified a yeast responsible for lactic fermentation. Even as Pasteur acted to cause the yeast to emerge, he felt—in a way that practicing scientists often attest—that he was “led” to do so by the propensity of things. Whitehead enables us to understand that it was not Pasteur alone who altered the representation of fermentation; the fermentation itself modified its manifestation. Hence there is historicity not only on the human side of scientific discovery—the story of Pasteur and his yeast—but also historicity on the nonhuman side—the story of the yeast and its Pasteur. (shrink)

There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects; these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000 ; activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005 ). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013 ). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation-based approach as proposed by Levy ( 2008 ) or (...) by the activation-based model of sentence processing as proposed by Lewis and Vasishth ( 2005 ). We report an eye-tracking and a self-paced reading study with sentences in Spanish together with measures of individual differences to examine the distinction between expectation- and memory-based accounts, and within memory-based accounts the further distinction between DLT and the activation-based model. The experiments show that (i) antilocality effects as predicted by the expectation account appear only for high-capacity readers; (ii) increasing dependency length by interposing material that modifies the head of the dependency (the verb) produces stronger facilitation than increasing dependency length with material that does not modify the head; this is in agreement with the activation-based model but not with the expectation account; and (iii) a possible outcome of memory load on low-capacity readers is the increase in regressive saccades (locality effects as predicted by memory-based accounts) or, surprisingly, a speedup in the self-paced reading task; the latter consistent with good-enough parsing (Ferreira et al., 2002 ). In sum, the study suggests that individual differences in working memory capacity play a role in dependency resolution, and that some of the aspects of dependency resolution can be best explained with the activation-based model together with a prediction component. (shrink)

When conflicts regarding industrial operations erupt between countries, relationships between corporations and stakeholders may be affected. We combine insights from stakeholder theory and studies on government and corporate social responsibility to investigate how intergovernmental politics shapes stakeholder engagement. Relying on attribution theory and a qualitative analysis of the Finnish Metsä-Botnia (hereafter Botnia) company during the intergovernmental conflict between Uruguay and Argentina, we explore the mediating role of political attributions—defined as the stakeholder network actors’ inferences regarding governmental motives—in the process by (...) which intergovernmental politics shapes stakeholder engagement. We induce three types of political attributions: instrumentalizing, which points to the undeclared instrumental motives of governments; radicalizing, which refers to the beliefs that governments immoderately intensify confrontation; and acting in bad faith, which relates to the perceptions that governments act in inconsistent and/or morally inappropriate ways. Our results show how these attributions combine in specific configurations to explain how intergovernmental politics shapes stakeholder engagement throughout the conflict. Our study theorizes the role of governments as stakeholders in stakeholder engagement and expands organizational studies of attribution to the stakeholder and global levels. (shrink)

This paper argues that McDowell wrongly assumes that “terror”, Cavell’s reaction to the radical contingency of our shared modes of knowing or our “attunement”, expresses a skepticism that is antinomically bound to an equally unacceptable dogmatism because Cavell rather regards terror as a mood that reveals the “truth of skepticism”, namely, that there is no conclusive evidence for necessary attunement on pain of a category error, and that a precedent for McDowell’s misunderstanding is Hegel’s argument for necessary attunement in a (...) system of knowing, whose refutation Schelling holds it is the “merit of skepticism” to provide. (shrink)

The extent of the originality and relevance of Kant's ethics is undeniable. But it is not so evident the fact that the Kant's moral philosophy as a whole was not suddenly built, but it was dependent on a profound debate with the philosophical tradition, especially with the German scholastic tradition, a debate which led to the assimilation or appropriation of several of its aspects. With special regard to the history of the development of the categorical imperative, it is not possible (...) to be indifferent to the influence of the practical philosophy of the Enlightenment German philosopher and theologian, Christian August Crusius. The aim of this article is thus to try to identify, taking into account the distinction of praxis in problematic and moral and the contrast between prudence and morality, some points of intersection between the moral philosophy of Crusius and Kant in its origin. (shrink)

In this paper, my aim is to reconstruct, through the material presented in the handschrifter Nachlaß, Kant`s criticism to Hutcheson and to the doctrine of moral feeling in the 1770s in the so called silent decade. As we can note, this criticism generally is addressed to the fact that the doctrine of moral feeling is lacking an objective ground on which can be established a categorical conception of ethics. Moreover, I argue that in this context Kant already demonstrates, from his (...) critical position in the Reflexionen and Vorlesungen, the general lines of his mature conception on moral feeling as something strictly linked to our awareness of the law. (shrink)

No centro da filosofia moral de Kant está sem dúvida sua doutrina do imperativo categórico. Por esse motivo não é de se surpreender que a Fundamentação da Metafísica dos Costumes (1785), na qual Kant explica, em detalhes, essa doutrina pela primeira vez, tenha sido o foco da atenção por décadas. Mas há alguns anos é observável uma significativa mudança na literatura que é univocamente bem vinda: ao lado da pesquisa das Doutrinas da Virtude e do Direito publicadas por Kant nos (...) anos noventa do século 18, agora também são intensamente estudadas suas perspectivas filosófico-morais desenvolvidas antes de 1781. Nesse sentido assume uma posição de destaque o manuscrito estudantil de uma lição de ética ministrada no meio dos anos 70, que é publicada aqui, em língua portuguesa, pela primeira vez em uma tradução comentada. Ainda hoje, esta lição serve como uma introdução à ética de Kant, muito embora pareça divergir, em alguns aspectos, da doutrina crítica do imperativo categórico. As Lições de Ética são um „trabalho em andamento“. Por um lado, somos capazes de assistir Kant "pensando" e compreender como ele se reporta ao livro de Alexander Baumgarten sobre os Príncípios da Metafísica Prática (Initia philosophiae practicae primae, 1760). E, por outro lado, somos capazes de vivenciar como ele desenvolve suas próprias perspectivas filosófico-morais em contraste a Baumgarten. Para todos que se interessam pela filosofia moral de Kant e pela história da ética na época da Aufklärung, o estudo desse manuscrito é indispensável. -/- Heiner F. Klemme (Martin Luther Universität - Halle-Wittenberg) . (shrink)

Apresentamos aqui a tradução de uma pequena seleção das notas kantianas sobre ética. A maioria dos fragmento traduzidos é parte das chamadas Reflexões de Filosofia Moral publicadas no tomo XIX de Kants gesammelte Schriften, que se constituem, em sua maior parte, como as anotações de Kant (algumas em folhas soltas) na margem de um dos exemplares de referência para seus cursos de ética17, a Initia philosophiae practicae primae de Alexander Baumgarten, em sua edição de 1760. Acrescentamos à mesma seleção, no (...) entanto, algumas Reflexões presentes em outros volumes do Legado Manuscrito que, de alguma maneira, abordam os mesmos temas. As Reflexões foram dispostas em ordem numérica e separadas de acordo com seus respectivos assuntos. Considerando a diversidade dos temas comentados por Kant, de acordo com o manual, tais como obrigação, coerção, imputação, lei, justiça, punição etc, tentamos selecionar alguns tópicos que assumem uma função basilar dentro da teoria moral kantiana. Dessa forma, o primeiro grupo de Reflexões contém algumas notas que tratam com o problema da liberdade e da lei moral. O segundo é um compilado contendo comentários sobre o sentimento moral. O terceiro apresenta algumas reflexões esparsas sobre imputabilidade e o mal moral e o quarto grupo traz algumas notas comentadas sobre o problema do sumo bem, sendo, em alguns casos, apenas trechos de anotações maiores. As traduções foram realizadas diretamente a partir dos fragmentos originais, embora, em alguns casos, tenha sido feito o cotejamento com outras versões, dentre as quais cito a tradução para o espanhol, Reflexiones sobre Filosofia Moral, publicada por J. Herceg, a seleção de notas da Cambridge Edition intitulada Notes and Fragments e a tradução francesa de Luc Langlois, Réflexions Sur La Philosophie Morale. Com o objetivo de dar mais clareza aos apontamentos, facilitando a interpretação, optei por completar, em alguns casos, as sentenças de Kant nas quais certas palavras ficam subentendidas. Este complemento está apresentado entre colchetes. Para fins comparativos, todas as Reflexões traduzidas são acompanhadas por sua correspondente original nas notas de rodapé. Ciente de todas as dificuldades desse tipo de trabalho, desde já, deixo aberto à comunidade acadêmica o espaço para críticas, sugestões e correções. (shrink)

According to Steven Weinberg, it is the goal of elementary particle physics to search for the final laws of physics, i.e. a simple set of principles from which everything we know about physics can be derived. The main criterion that guides the search for such a set of principles is, according to the author, the sense of inevitability of physical theories, which Weinberg conflates with the idea of beauty. The theoretical physicists’ task is, in this sense, to look for constraining (...) principles, such as symmetries and renormalizability, that increase the sense of inevitability of physical laws. It is the goal of this paper to discuss Weinberg’s arguments in favor of reductionism, as well as his conception of final theory and the associated concept of “inevitability.”. (shrink)

Le néo-russellien et les néo-frégéen soutiennent tous deux que certaines de nos pensées sont irréductiblement singulières et que cette singularité tient à la relation d’accointance que nous avons avec l’objet de la pensée. Cette relation d’accointance semble imposer une condition de transparence recognitionnelle qui empêche de considérer que deux objets avec lesquels nous entretenons une relation d’accointance puissent être les mêmes, sans que nous sachions qu’ils le soient. Il faut soit abandonner une notion de transparence présentationnelle, comme le font certains (...) néo-russelliens, en lui substituant une notion causale d’accointance, soit la conserver pour la rendre compatible avec les contraintes de Frege de Campbell. J’essaie de montrer que cette dernière rencontre de sévères difficultés, puisque la condition de transparence présentationnelle s’appliquant aux modes de présentation eux-mêmes, interdit à ces modes de remplir en même temps la double fonction qui est la leur : présenter un objet et le discriminer parmi d’autres. (shrink)

1. Candelaio -- 2. La cena de le Ceneri. De la causa, principio et uno. De l'infinito, universo et mondi -- 3. Spaccio de la bestia trionfante. Cabala del cavallo pegaseo -- 4. De gl'heroici furori.